A., Jan, S., & Rashid, I. D.H. Putnam 1, E.S. On the other hand, it is a good source of fibre, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and vitamin C, as well as providing over three times more … Seeds of Amaranth grain have been found in archeological records in Northern Argentina that date to the mid-Holocene. Amaranthus is part of the Amaranthaceae that is part of the larger grouping of the Carophyllales. [2] Palmer amaranth is among the "top five most troublesome weeds" in the southeast of the United States and has already evolved resistances to dinitroaniline herbicides and acetolactate synthase inhibitors. (1999). [25] Edible skulls were historically made with amaranth seeds, although today they are made out of sugar. Cucurbitaceae. [49] The following 9 species of Amaranthus are considered invasive and noxious weeds in the U.S and Canada: A. albus, A. blitoides, A. hybridus, A. palmeri, A. powellii, A. retroflexus, A. spinosus, A. tuberculatus, and A. Amaranth can fall prey to many of the same pests and diseases that affect other vegetables. It is boiled, then served with olive oil and lemon juice like a salad, sometimes alongside fried fish. The Aztecs cultivated amaranth as a staple grain crop in what is now Mexico during the pre-Columbian period. (2017). A., Jan, S., & Rashid, I. Varieties of Amaranth as Food. While all species are believed to be native to the New World, several have been cultivated and introduced to warm regions worldwide. In the Philippines, the Ilocano word for the plant is kalunay; the Tagalog word for the plant is kilitis or kulitis. When popped or cooked, the kernels expand but remain no larger than those of quinoa or short-grain rice. Summary Amaranth is a versatile and nutritious group of grains that has been cultivated for thousands of years. Cruciferous vegetables belong to the Brassicaceae family of plants and are loaded with tons of health-promoting properties. "Biology of amaranths". If you want to grow amaranth as a grain, some amaranth varieties to consider include: Amaranthus caudatus Several species are raised for amaranth "grain" in Asia and the Americas. Amaranth flour – 100% amaranth flour may be used in any recipe that doesn’t require gluten to rise like pancakes, biscuits, flat breads, and pastas. J.A Vozzo. Chard is a leafy green vegetable with inedible roots. [10] The top (operculum) of the unilocular pixdio releases the urn that contains the seed. It’s also a great source of fiber, iron, potassium, and many other vitamins and minerals. "Amaranth." Discover the whole grain goodness of amaranth, an ancient grain that was a staple food of the early Aztecs. Amaranth vegetable family names: Goosefoot family, Beetroot family. This is partially due to the reduction in tillage, reduction in herbicidal use and the evolution of herbicidal resistance in several species where herbicides have been applied more often. Chard is low calorie and high in vitamin A, C, K with both minerals and fiber. [35], Ancient amaranth grains still used include the three species, Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus. Amaranth does not refer to one single plant. amaranth may be processed in popped, flaked, extruded and ground flour forms. Besides flatbreads, amaranth flour can also be used in making pancakes, baked breads, cinnamon rolls, scones, muffins, cookies, and more. viridis.[50][51]. Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus) is a gluten-free pseudograin and a great source of protein in vegetarian and vegan cuisine, whether eaten raw or cooked. Here are the reasons why amaranth a superfood 1. In Tamil Nadu, it is called mulaikkira and is regularly consumed as a favourite dish, where the greens are steamed and mashed with light seasoning of salt, red chili pepper, and cumin. "The following color additives are not authorized for use in food products in the United States: (1) Amaranth (C.I. In Vietnam, it is called rau dền and is used to make soup. [41], Amaranth species are cultivated and consumed as a leaf vegetable in many parts of the world. Another important use of amaranth throughout Mesoamerica was in ritual drinks and foods. The genus is native to Mexico and Central America. Amaranthus Amaranthus tricolor Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Order: Caryophyllales Family: Amaranthaceae Subfamily: Amaranthoideae Genus: Amaranthus L. Species See text Amaranthus is a cosmopolitan genus of annual or short-lived perennial plants collectively known as amaranths. It produces a brightly colored flower that can contain up to … Non-gluten flours like amaranth will not rise in yeast breads, so amaranth flour can only be substituted for about 30% of the gluten containing flour you choose (i.e. In. [17], There is near certainty that A. hypochondriacus is the common ancestor to the cultivated grain species, however the later series of domestication to follow remains unclear. Rather, Amaranthus is a wide genus comprised of around 60 different species, most of which are summer annuals. Amaranth. [23] Amaranth was used by the Aztecs for tamales, tortillas, and atole (hot cereal)[citation needed]. Health Dangers of Cruciferous Vegetables – Thyroid Health The isothiocyanates created by chewing up broccoli can have potent antithyroid effects and interfere with thyroid hormone production. Sow the seeds directly in the ground in mild climates, after temperatures are reliably above 60 degrees Fahrenheit, or start it inside four to six weeks before the last expected frost. E123, formerly certifiable as FD&C red No. Amaranthus retroflexus, "pigweed," is a wild amaranth species native to the United States and is considered a weed in the Northeast, Nebraska and Great Plains, South, and West. [1] Cooking methods such as boiling amaranth in water and then discarding the water may reduce toxic effects. The flowers are used to produce the amaranth grain, while the leaves can be used as amaranth greens. Another Indian annual, A. hypochondriacus (prince's feather), has deeply veined, lance-shaped leaves, purple on the under face, and deep crimson flowers densely packed on erect spikes. [52] This makes the proper identification of Amaranthus species at the seedling stage essential for agriculturalists. Cruciferous vegetables are also called Brassica vegetables and some of the most common brassicas include broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, swedes, and turnips, collard greens, cress, kale, kohlrabi, mustard, and bok choi. 1 Center for Alternative Plant & Animal Products, Minnesota Extension Service, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108. ... (boiled beforehand), such as black rice ( in my case), quinoa, brown rice, buckwheat or amaranth. A 100-gram (3 1⁄2-ounce) reference serving of uncooked amaranth grain provides 1,550 kilojoules (371 kilocalories) of food energy, and is a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of protein, dietary fiber, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, folate, and several dietary minerals (table). [47], The flowers of the 'Hopi Red Dye' amaranth were used by the Hopi (a tribe in the western United States) as the source of a deep red dye. You probably already grow at least one (and likely several) types of cruciferous veggies. There are about 75 species in the genus Amaranthus. Sechium. [11] In pre-Hispanic times, amaranth was cultivated by the Aztec and their tributary communities in a quantity very similar to maize. Biology of amaranths. (2017). [53][54], Seabeach amaranth (A. pumilus), an amaranth on the Federal Threatened species List, Red-root amaranth (A. retroflexus)—from Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885, Southern Kerala-style traditional Thoran made with Cheera (amaranth) leaves, "Amaranthus", "Amarantus", and "Doodo" redirect here. Boil in water with twice the amount of water as grain by volume (or 2.4 times as much water by weight). There has been opposing hypotheses of a single as opposed to multiple domestication events of the three grain species. [25][26][27], Amaranth grain contains phytochemicals that are not defined as nutrients and may be antinutrient factors, such as polyphenols, saponins, tannins, and oxalates. Despite utilization studies showing that amaranth can be blended with other flours at levels above 50% without affecting functional properties or taste, most commercial products use amaranth only as a minor portion of their ingredients despite them being marketed as "amaranth" products. A. arenicola, L.). [4], Amaranth has a primary root with deeper spreading secondary fibrous root structures. Some examples of Amaranth species are Amaranthus albus, Amaranthus blitoides, Amaranthus hybridus, Amaranthus palmeri, Amaranthus powellii, Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus spinosus, Amaranthus tuberculatus, and Amaranthus viridis. Amaranth grain is collected from the genus. Because of its importance as a symbol of indigenous culture, its palatability, ease of cooking, and a protein that is particularly well-suited to human nutritional needs, interest in amaranth seeds (especially A. cruentus and A. hypochondriacus) revived in the 1970s. [14] The support for the addition of the subdivision Albersia because of its circumcise, indehiscent fruits coupled with three elliptic to linear tepals to be exclusive characters to members of this subgenus. Amaranth doesn’t go bad, but, I live in Florida where I see flour bugs (weevils) quite often. The grain was a staple food of the Aztecs and an integral part of Aztec religious ceremonies. Assad, R., Reshi, Z. To this day, amaranth grains are toasted much like popcorn and mixed with honey, molasses, or chocolate to make a treat called alegría, meaning "joy" in Spanish. De Macvean & Pöll (1997). This probably occurred in the Miocene. [10] Fruits are in the form of capsules referred to as a unilocular pixdio that opens at maturity. It was recovered in Mexico from wild varieties[citation needed] and is now commercially cultivated. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&oldid=1008713553, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles needing additional references from April 2019, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing Classical Nahuatl-language text, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles with disputed statements from February 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020, Articles containing Indonesian-language text, Articles containing Ilocano-language text, Articles containing Kannada-language text, Articles containing Marathi-language text, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Articles containing Lingala-language text, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Amaranth's cosmopolitan distribution makes it one of many plants providing evidence of Pre-Columbian oceanic contact. [1] Some amaranth species are cultivated as leaf vegetables, pseudocereals, and ornamental plants. Raw amaranth grain is inedible to humans and cannot be digested because it blocks the absorption of nutrients. Much of the amaranth grain currently grown is sold in health food shops. In actual fact, amaranth is not a grain but a pseudo grain and consequently gluten-free. usually very tall plants with broad green leaves and impressively bright purple [10] Species in this genus are either monecious (i.e. Proper weed control needs to be applied before the species successfully colonizes in the crop field and causes significant yield reductions. [family AMARANTHACEAE] on JSTOR", "Amaranthus muricatus (Moquin-Tandon) Hieronymus [family AMARANTHACEAE] on JSTOR", "Amaranth leaves, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt, per 100 g", "Cereal-based gluten-free food: how to reconcile nutritional and technological properties of wheat proteins with safety for celiac disease patients", "Gluten-free diet in children: an approach to a nutritionally adequate and balanced diet", "Recent advances in the formulation of gluten-free cereal-based products", "Legacy: The Official Newsletter of Amaranth Institute", "Traditional food-processing and preparation practices to enhance the bioavailability of micronutrients in plant-based diets", "Singh Anurudh K (2017) Early History of Crop Introductions into India: II. For the ancient Greek writer, see, Mapes, Cristina, Eduardo Espitia, and Scott Sessions. Amaranthus is a cosmopolitan genus of annual or short-lived perennial plants collectively known as amaranths. Amaranth is rich in nutrients and is known in the Andes region as kiwicha.. Culinary uses: Amaranth should be cooked similarly to rice at a ratio of two parts water to one part amaranth for about 25 minutes. Most of the Amaranthus species are summer annual weeds and are commonly referred to as pigweeds. In Lingala (spoken in the Congo), it is known as lɛngalɛnga or bítɛkutɛku. The genus also contains several well-known ornamental plants, such as Amaranthus caudatus (love-lies-bleeding), a vigorous, hardy annual with dark purplish flowers crowded in handsome drooping spikes.
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